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Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Free Term Papers Online The Key to Successful Free Term Papers Online Term papers usually have a lot of weight. A great deal of prior Term Paper is needed by the student to compose the Term Paper properly. Term papers need a suitable structure together with coherence and flow of ideas. Writing Term Papers properly cannot be completed in one day, it needs a good period of time and effort to compose a proper Term Paper. Buy custom term paper from the expert team, which delivers quality and competent custom writing. It is possible to even use impressive patterned papers and stickers. You've finally found a nice place to compose my papers. After all, getting a great grade in a term paper is vital for a superior outcome. Custom made research paper writing service is here to provide help. Stationery paper on-line Paper editing is the best way to guarantee the maximum grade for your work. Premium Quality Term Papers Amexwrite is proud to supply you with original and excellent term papers of your pick. The Free Term Papers Online Game Have Original Content for Your Work One of the benefits of seeking skilled help is that it you find it possible to acquire unique content. It's time-consuming to perform the research, due to the should locate a range of reliable resources and to dig into them. Use the assistance of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! In case you go for our services, you can prevent the mentioned problems above. So locating a fine topic well in advance is always beneficial. Any moment you can have the papers carrying your vehicle and bio knowledge scanned and sent in over the internet and you may have a chat with representatives on the insurance policy f irm you're addressing, on line car insurance suddenly won't appear so strange or hard to finish any longer. If you're looking for quality help with custom essay research or you need a person to aid you with your term paper online, then you've got an opportunity to fix your writing problems. Discover ways to get started with the divorce procedure and in the event you can find all you will need online. Freelance writing has become the most complete hub for the two businesses to employ excellent writers, and freelance writers to make more income writing. If you've already graduated from college or university and are trying to find a fantastic job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. Regardless of what field of study you select, we've got a skilled writer to manage your task. Our talented writers can deal with just about any sort of writing assignment, in addition to Math and Physics difficulties and a lot more. To purchase custom term paper on the internet is cheap and it encourages students to better their analytical skills. Your choice once it comes to. It's totally fine if you take online assistance. You've passed a lengthy means to develop into a student. The Free Term Papers Online Chronicles Creativity is necessary to be certain that the essays you buy answer the question and reveal the subject of discussion. Professional writing companies help you place your thoughts in writing as if you're the person who wrote the paper. Before studying the essay examples, think if you truly desire to apply for our professional guidance and use our services. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the bulk of our clients require is essay writing. Give us the matter, and our specialists will offer you an expert essay. You can prepare for all of the assessments which are coming up. Writing term paper assignments is crucial for your upcoming grade, because a superb term paper reflects the knowledge you've gained during the training course. Students may study completely free research papers study buy research paper on-line online. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. Writing term papers is a complicated and time consuming practice.

Bedford Falls Building And Loan Analytical Report

BEDFORD FALLS BUILDING AND LOAN ANALYTICAL REPORT Prepared for Mr. G. Bailey, CEO Prepared by Jacqueline Jensen Robyn Werner Kade Hollendieck Curtis Yount Connor Weseman April 7, 2015 April 7, 2015 Mr. G. Bailey, CEO Bedford Falls Building and Loan Dear, Mr. Bailey, We present this analytical report, finished at your request, by correcting the formatting of the existing report and writing the unfinished parts. We include reasons and consequences for lack of motivation along with the techniques or strategies to motivate employees. Also included are benefits of motivating employees. We have gathered data and information for the findings in this report. We used findings from the American Psychological Association. The discoveries were very educational and eye-opening for us. We have put forth our best effort and we hope it proves beneficial for you and anyone who reads it. Sincerely, Jacqueline Jensen, Robyn Werner, Kade Hollendieck, Curtis Yount, Connor Weseman Employees Bedford Falls Building and Loan Enclosure TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION: ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION IN TODAY’S WORKFORCE 3 Statement of Problem 3 Statement of Purpose 3 RESEARCH: MOTIVATION IN TODAY’S WORKFORCE 5 Reasons for Lack of Motivation 5 Consequences of Lack of Motivation 5 Techniques or Strategies to Motivate Employees 6 Benefits of Motivating Employees 8 Conclusions and Recommendations 11 References 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Employees’Show MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagessomewhat unique and very readable, a book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against critical scrutiny. This is great practice for the arena of business to come. NEW TO THIS EDITION In contrast to the early editionsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagessolutions than more sophisticated insights into the complexity of the issues at stake. Although there is more and more talk of the need for relevance and application, the pressures at play are more likely to push in the opposite direction. Rather than building on a strong tradition of really useful relationships between the practical and academic spheres in accounting, I sense that the two worlds have less and less to do with one another. It is therefore ever more important to reflect on the contributionsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageswestern and eastern Africa. In the first half of the twentieth century, colonial governments also regularly mobilized African labor as soldiers and to work on WORLD MIGRATION IN THE LONG TWENTIETH CENTURY †¢ 19 public projects.28 The building of the Suez Canal and the creation of new irrigation projects in Egypt also generated much migration. In Southeast Asia, up to 500,000 Javanese traveled to plantations in Sumatra and the Southeast Asian mainland. And, in what may have been some

International Employment Relations

Question: Discuss about the International Employment Relations. Answer: Introduction: Employee relationship is one of the used terms that has become highly utilized in the relatively present years for indicating a specific area of the subject matter. Prior to employee relationships, the most commonly used term was the industrial relationships, but with the gradual expansion of the business in the international context, the concept has achieved a different shape. Seifert (2015) has stated that employee relationships enable the managers of the global organizations to adopt a broader canvas as well as to include the non-union and union scenarios and relationships. Apart from that, it encompasses the non-dominant service sector that in several urbanized nations now employs more than 70% of the entire work force. Moreover, this change in the composition of the labor force likes as more women working and more part-time along with temporary and fixed-term contracts (Zukauskas Vveinhardt, 2015). If focus is shed on Australian and United States, it can be said that both these countries believe that it is highly significant that the employees share a healthy relationships with each other at the workplace. Therefore, it is required to find out why the employee relationships are significant in the workplace. It can be seen that there are numerous issues on which an individual cannot take a decision alone and thus needs guidance as well as advices. Apart from that, it can be stated that works become easy enough, if it is shared among all, as a healthy relationship with the fellow workers in the workplace tends to ease the work load and in turn increase the productivity. Shields et al., (2015) has stated that the organization becomes one of the favorite and happy places to work if the employees work together as a family. It can be seen that an individual tends to lose their focus as well as concentration if the mind is always clouded with all the necessary tensions and stress (Dev onish, 2013). Moreover, it can be stated that an individual feels motivated enough in the corporation of others whom the individual can trust and fall back on whenever required. Luo, Wieseke and Homburg (2012) have stated that a healthy relationship tends to reduce relationships the issue of absenteeism at the place of work. However, it is necessary to mention that it is wise enough to share a warm relationship with the fellow workers, as one need know when one need them (Morris, 2012). Park (2015) has opined that there are several benefits of strong employment relationships and these have been mentioned here. It can be stated that strong employment relationships create a pleasant surroundings within the work atmosphere and this increases the employee motivation, which can be increased through enhanced employee morale. Creating the productive as well as pleasant work environment has a drastic effect on loyalty of the employees and this encourages a loyal workplace. It can be found out that when a working atmosphere is efficient enough as well as friendly; the extent of conflict within the workplace is condensed (Karami, Dolatabadi Rajaeepour, 2013). It can often be observed that less conflict among the employee results in employees being able to concentrate on the works at hand and thus, they are more productive. Presslee, Vance and Webb (2013) in their research paper has explained that achieving enough strong relationship among the employees is helpful, as this pr ovide the human resources of the organization with the proper image of success and ambition. In order to explain the concept, focusing on the useful theories is highly significant and thus it has been explained here in details. At first, systems theory comes to the mind, as this is an alternative approach of understanding, managing as well as planning the organizations. From this theory, it can be found that this systems theory holds those specific works that are governed by a wide range of formal as well as informal rules and regulations that cover several things like recruitment and selection, holidays, performance, wages, office hours along with an innumerable of other details of the recruits of the association (Samnani Singh, 2014). If the employees of a corporation are happy with all these above-mentioned components, they are expected to perform best in the organization. Sykes, Venkatesh and Johnson (2014) have stated that one of the significant aspects of this theory is that it conceives the industrial relation systems as self-adjusting towards equilibrium. After discussing this theory, the next theory that automatically comes to the mind is the Strategic choice theory, as this theory picks up the concepts of system theory and advances this theory by accommodating several contemporary changes practiced in the industrial or employee relationships. Ji et al., (2012) have stated that contingency theory is an integral part of the system theory and this puts forth the premise that the ideal structure and form of any system depends on the dynamics of its internal sub-systems. Therefore, it can be stated that the organizational structure can have far reaching effects on the relationships of the company with their employees and this makes the contingency theory very much relevant to employee engagements (Kaufmann, 2013). After this theory, it is required to shed light on strategic management theory and this theory promotes a proper and systematic approach to the strategy formulation that is deeply rooted in the mission, vision and the objectives of the corporation. This theory helps in understanding the importance of the employee relations in the organization, as the organizations thrive to gain high success through high employee performance (Abdullah et al., 2014). However, it is required to mention that there is a clear set of statutory national employment standards that are applicable to the employees at every level and these are followed in both Australia and the United States. Maximum working hours per week is 38 plus reasonable additional hours A proper right to ask question and have considered as well as flexible working arrangements Annual leave, which is generally of four weeks Long service leaves Public holidays (Asim, 2013) Notice of termination of the employment Redundancy payment Provision of a Fair Work Information Statement Unpaid parental leave that includes maternity, paternity as well as adoption leaves It can be seen that there are several ways to provide the employees with both formal and informal rewards along with recognition system. Initially, it can be seen that whenever the university funds get expanded for reading the employees other than the salary system, fringe benefits tax (FBT) are required to be taken into consideration. It can be seen that the financial services can advise on the FBT implications of such these events. However, there are some important informal recognition systems for the employees in both Australia and the United States (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). In both the countries, they post a thank you note on the team members office doors Directors prefer to call the employee to thank him or her for the job that is well done In many cases, the employees make a thank you card by hand The company arranges lunch outings for the whole group, but most of the times everyone in the organization pays their own way event They share verbal accolades and focus on forwarding voice mail massages that compliment the works of the team (Yun, 2012) The human resources and the senior managers recognize an individuals accomplishments in front of the peers The human resources asks the managers to attend the meeting with the well-performed employees during which the managers can sincerely thank that individuals and their contributions to the organization (Yun, 2012) All the companies try to build a good relationship with the employees, so that they feel comfortable enough with the organization and provide their best efforts that would contribute to the highest organizational growth. However, there are some formal awards as well and these are followed in both Australia and the United States. They devise a peer nomination scheme and there the high performed employees are encouraged enough to nominate their peers for recognition Make a calendar for displaying and posting named the celebration calendar to motivate and encourage the employees Name a continuing recognition award after an outstanding employees Arrange movie tickets Inscribe favorite books as gifts Purchase favorite flowers or plants to the employees with proper message Provide some gift vouchers that can be used at the local departmental stores and this motivates the employees to perform best in the organizations Sometimes, the company paid subscription to a professional magazine or the newsletter Moreover, arranging a paid leave is one of the formal rewards that tends to encourage the employees in both these nations However, it can be stated that focus is always given on positive employee relations and it can be found that employee reward systems have been around the decades in different parts of the globe. It can be seen that employee reward systems are essential, as this is helpful in retaining the top employees. Besides reward system, training of the employees is another major important theme that would be discussed here from both the business and workers perspectives. Jehanzeb and Bashir (2013) have stated that skilling the employees are good for the business and this is good for the workforce. It can be said that training can enhance the business performance along with profit and morale of the staffs. These advantages to the business take into account the followings: Training the employees help the organization to select what new skills the workplace can significantly gain that meets the operation of the business both in the present and future time Training the employees can significantly result in better customer service, better work safety practices as well as productivity enhancements Through training, the management team of the company demonstrates that they value the employees enough to invest in them. This enhances the loyalty and staff retention in the company as well. In turn, employee retention saves the companys sustainability. Training the employees is good for the workers as well and these have mentioned here in details as well: Through training, the employees acquire new skills after training and this tends to contribute to the business and helps in building self-esteem Trough training, the employees are up-skilled to do new as well as different tasks that keeps them motivated and enough fresh Because the employees are being trained on time, they see that they value them enough to invest in them. Yun (2012) has said that a good company is seen as one that retains rather than churns Asim (2013) has opined that training the employees at present is a vital piece that largely determines where the company would be successful in the long-run or not. It can be seen that the companies in the United States think training as an investment in the future for the business. If they are trained properly and perform in a way that grows the business, ultimately they would also be successful. In the United States, technical training is highly important that means to teach the employees with the new technological innovations for enhancing the employee performance. Quality training is the other major training type used largely in the United States and this refers to familiarizing employees with the means of preventing, detecting as well as eliminating all the non-quality items. On the other hand to The United States, in Australia, the companies focus on skills training, professional training along with the legal trainings (Sykes, Venkatesh Johnson, 2014). Kaufmann (2013) has said that team training is another important training that are provided to the students for enhancing their performance, so that they keep close track with all the workplace innovations. Based on the nature of the job, the employees are provided safety training like eye safety, first aid, food service safety, hearing safety, asbestos, hazmat safety, construction safety and some more. At the end, it can be stated that employment is contractual at its base and this applies to an employee functioning under a collective industrial agreement as much as for the staffs or the responsible senior manager. References Abdullah, N. H., Ping, L. L., Wahab, E., Shamsuddin, A. (2014, September). Perception on training and employee innovativeness: An evidence from small firms. InManagement of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 76-80). IEEE. Asim, M. (2013). Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,3(9), 1-9. Devonish, D. (2013). Workplace bullying, employee performance and behaviors: The mediating role of psychological well-being.Employee Relations,35(6), 630-647. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, N. A. (2013). Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study.European Journal of Business and Management,5(2). Ji, L., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Zhu, H., Cai, Z. (2012). The effects of employee training on the relationship between environmental attitude and firms' performance in sustainable development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), 2995-3008. Karami, A., Dolatabadi, H. R., Rajaeepour, S. (2013). Analyzing the effectiveness of reward management system on employee performance through the mediating role of employee motivation case study: Isfahan Regional Electric Company.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(9), 327. Kaufmann, A. (2013). Analyzing the role of employee training tools in the journey towards more sustainable companies' Sustainable and trainable!?. Luo, X., Wieseke, J., Homburg, C. (2012). Incentivizing CEOs to build customer-and employee-firm relations for higher customer satisfaction and firm value.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(6), 745-758. Morris, T. (2012).Innovations in banking: business strategies and employee relations(Vol. 22). Routledge. Park, R. (2015). Employee participation and outcomes: organizational strategy does matter.Employee Relations,37(5), 604-622. Presslee, A., Vance, T. W., Webb, R. A. (2013). The effects of reward type on employee goal setting, goal commitment, and performance.The Accounting Review,88(5), 1805-1831. Samnani, A. K., Singh, P. (2014). Performance-enhancing compensation practices and employee productivity: The role of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), 5-16. Seifert, R. (2015). Big bangs and cold wars: The British industrial relations tradition after Donovan (1965-2015).Employee Relations,37(6), 746-760. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sykes, T. A., Venkatesh, V., Johnson, J. L. (2014). Enterprise System Implementation and Employee Job Performance: Understanding the Role of Advice Networks.Mis Quarterly,38(1), 51-72. Yun, S. (2012, May). Study on Systematic Employee Training Procedure Based on Needs Assessment. InProceedings of the 2012 3rd International Conference on E-Business and E-Government-Volume 02(pp. 1210-1213). IEEE Computer Society. Zukauskas, P., Vveinhardt, J. (2015). Diagnosis of mobbing as discrimination in employee relations.Engineering Economics,64(4).

Madonna The Rebel

Introduction In the postmodern world, traditional gender roles seem intact in the western society. While their establishment seems clear since they are evident through mass media, celebrities like Madonna want to break free from some conservative roles. Can she be called the first woman at the forefront of gender social transformations? The profound changes in conventional sex roles were set up by modernized changes in cultural attitudes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Madonna The Rebel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From historical perspective, it occurred due to a structural revolution in the characteristics of modern family institutions, educational opportunities for girls and women, and paid labor force. At the same time partial narrowing of the gender gap in the context of economic participation did not lead to the equality of men and women in the field of their occupations. Not only did women ho ld different jobs, they were distinguished in the status and possible rewards. Such socially accepted rules raised questions about attitude toward the family and moral values, establishment of which is now assessed as long and tedious rather than fast and fruitful. For this reason, the phenomenon of Madonna as of a revolutionary presentation of the inverted gender roles is extremely interesting to investigate. The concept of gender roles There does not seem to be any difficulty in finding the topic to speak in the domain of gender roles. As a preliminary, it would be a nice idea to state the concept of gender role in terms of its peculiarities, in order to see later how Madonna tried to change it. Phenomenology of gender is in the fact that not only does it encompass biological state, but expands wider and includes social functions and roles that are typical of each sex and are imposed by the culture in which one lives. Being built on the biological and physical peculiarities, gener al appearance and personality, life experience and general professionalism, education and career, sex and love affairs, gender becomes very individual. Gender experience influences the way people live, think about themselves and others, create the images of themselves for their own needs and for the sake of society. Indeed, having a certain gender role means taking on the responsibility of having certain qualities and being able to do certain functions; thus, having a gender role means being a link in the chain of society. It is also necessary to mention that gender role goes hand to hand with the concept of self-estimation that is explained as understanding of one’s self in the social relations. Another vital item to be explained in this context is an efficacy of a person or one’s believes and motives for his or her further achievements. Speaking generally, gender role, according to Dr Patterson, is a concept that should be regarded at a total of its five domains whic h are â€Å"the public, the domestic, the public or domestic, the global, and the intimate† (Lee, 34). Those domains deal with the family, economic, political, sexual, and social issues. By this it is meant, that the full overview of the issue of gender roles definition is inclined to refer to all the spheres of both male’s and female’s lives.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the topic of gender inequality goes mainly to the process of understanding the causes and consequences of women’s social subordination. Those who resisted it, including Madonna, took part in the movement for gender equality, which got the name â€Å"feminism† and became the most powerful force transformation in the modern Western society. The main topic is the question of feminism itself. Simply put, feminism is the general belief in the equality of sexes: politically, socially and economically. Feministic concepts of gender roles and Madonna In terms of its importance in history, feminism is broken down into three waves of revolutionary movements. The first â€Å"feminism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries focused on the acquisition of a few basic political rights and liberties for women, such as the right of married women to own property and enter into contracts, the right of defendants to have women on juries and the crucial right to vote† (Vetterling-Braggin 1). This was happening primarily in England, followed by the United States. The second wave of these movements came in the early 1960’s to the early 1980’s in the United States. However, this time, the revolution was not primarily focused on the political freedom of women but on the social confines of a mainly patriarchal society as well. Some say the founder of the National Organization for Women, Betty Friedan, sparked the activity of women that realized the social restrictions they were bound to. She did so first with her influential book The Feminine Mystique. The second wave brought to the public’s attention that the harmful effects of gender roles not only confined women as homemakers but also restricted the men socially. These ideas were basic for the young Madonna, who learned them while forming her views on life. The final feminist wave, beginning in the late 1980’s, saw the adverse reaction to the focus on middle-class white women in the second wave. It â€Å"embraces contradictions, conflict and irrationality and attempts to accommodate diversity and change† (Tong, 284). Other issues that the third wave deals with are postmodernity, obscurity of gender, social class and race. Conceivably, Madonna, whose appearance in show business coincided with the third wave, became the role model of the feministic movement of the time. For many years Madonna occupies her position as one of the most talked ab out, liked, hated, and productive artists in the world. Humanity used to accept her as a role model for women in various cultures, she symbolizes independence both in the sphere of personal freedom and professional education. She is associated with sexual liberation. However, the nature of her nickname ‘Bad Girl’ presupposes analyses of even the smallest details of this fabulous persona’s life and activity. In took her just eleven years, after she had released her record, to become a woman with a name of queen of the universe. Her name and birth, appearance and childhood, adolescence and career are all the elements of one puzzle, which is Madonna’s struggle against constrains of her family, society, and her own nature.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Madonna The Rebel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rebellious infancy of Madonna One can begin to strip this rebellious persona down by delving into Madonna’s childhood. According to the American sociologist Talcott Parsons’ 1955 model A: Total Role Segregation of nuclear families in America, it is the mother’s responsibility to care for her children physically as well as to teach social behaviors that her children should display (Wikipedia, â€Å"Gender Role†). Considering Madonna’s perseverance in getting out on the net of gender roles, rules and norms, it becomes vivid that her character owed much her name. Madonna Louise Ciccone appeared to retain the magnificent, even magical nature of Virgin Mary who she was called after due to the religiousness of her family. It sounds like the destiny of the star has been defined long before her birth and the name given her by parents was a sign Madonna’s further segregation in her life and career. Sigmund Freud would probably have a field day analyzing her [Madonna’s] predilection for the color symbolizing virginity. All her friends, family, and admirers know about her preference for white, and large vases of gardenias, white tuberoses, and white lilies – all her favourite flowers – fill the room (Ciccone, 11). The theme of name possession she critically raised a bit later, during her â€Å"Confession† tour in Los Angeles in 2006. While performing a mock crucifixion in her song â€Å"Live to Tell†, the performer revealed her saint and sinner nature the public. The most probable reason for such appearing, after which Madonna was condemned for her insensitivity, was a message about love and respect towards each other. She seemed to cherish her possibility to speak to humans in the name of Jesus who praised the love to every human. Definition of Madonna’s rebellious behavior and her rejection to comply with the traditions and norms of the society fully matches the one, mentioned in Rising Tide by Ronald Inglehart and Pipa Norris. The authors give their explanation of the reasons or factors of the movements against gender inequality. Historical accounts of the women’s movement or of advances in women’s rights have often stressed that certain cultural or ideological shifts are sui generis (Inglehard, Norris, 150). Assuming the conservative structure, the woman of nuclear family is also the birth mother of the children mentioned in Parsons’ model. However, due to the death of Madonna’s own mother at an early age, Madonna is deprived of this â€Å"education.† This impacted the performer in many ways. Furthermore, her father’s marriage to the family’s housekeeper increased the daughter’s resentment to him, and may very well be the central cause of her rebellious personality. She revealed her real nature early at school, never seeming to radiate serenity.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Far opposite, wishing to controvert every single rule she had been taught about, she probably demonstrated her ever lasting wish to get the maximum of attention in the family as well as later on, in her career. †¦ she was performing in an auditorium full of established actors and actresses, a group of people to which she didn’t really belong, who didn’t respect her as an actress but whose respect she desperately wanted to win (Ciccone, 5). She appeared to have a reasonable chance of doing this, but the fact itself requires an instant background check. The reason of this doing her best is easily explained in Madonna’s own words. Madonna just wanted to be a star. A driving, burning ambition to be famous seemed to be born within her, just a part of who she was at the core. When, in fact, she did realize her dream, one of her most celebrated remarks would be â€Å"I have the same goal I’ve had since I was a little girl. I want to rule the world† ( Taraborrelli, 8). Her personal understanding diverged from the traditional ideas of the family with intense religious devotion. Thus, becoming successful for Madonna meant to release from constrains of her family, which she perceived as an imminent danger. Protesting against the rules of no short haircuts, no make-up, and no silky tights, the girl manifested her self that was nothing to do with restrictions of any type. She had already managed to outrage her father with a performance in a school talent show when she was 13, flashing the audience in a revealing body suit she wore under a trench coat. And she had already made her film debut in 1976 video made by one of her classmates in which an egg is shown â€Å"frying† on Madonna’s yet-to-be-famous belly button (Cross, 9). Her suggestions of freedom she submitted by wearing everything she loved, dancing the way she enjoyed, and even playing in her classmates home made video. These events might as well being on her ins atiable need for attention and adoration, intensifying a traditional role girls are instilled with during the upbringing; they are objects to be viewed. From possible influence on Madonna’s rebelliousness one can define the time period in which she was born, during the second wave of the feminist movement. As an eager teenager absorbing the many aspects of the major issues at that time, Madonna discovered its intense focus on a woman’s self-identity, society’s views of who they are, and criticism of those against trans-genders and transsexuals. Perhaps, Madonna read Feminine Mystique the book that sparked the questioning of how women was to define themselves homemakers in the 1950’s and later brought on the feminist-social revolution. Friedan begins the book with an introduction to the general pattern of American women’s unhappiness and the simultaneous practice of girls pushed into becoming young housewives according to the media’s and soci ety’s expectations. Most women of this time are conditioned to fear that if they do not follow the road to who they should become, they would be cast as â€Å"unfeminine† or that something was inarguably wrong with them. Friedan then thinks back to who she thought were the true heroines, the early feminists that fought for their right to receive education, equality in career opportunities and suffrage. These early feminists had become successful in whatever they chose to do, proving the fallacy that being homemakers was the right way for women. She then discusses the ridiculous â€Å"sex-directed educators† who taught the same women who became young homemakers to stick to the confining disciplines. The women who had careers outside the home were accused of causing the emotional disorders that their husbands developed after returning from World War II because these women lacked focus on caring for their families. A special point to note here is that Madonna dropp ed out of college to pursue a career in dance. Therefore, she could not be drilled with the same knowledge that the rest of the women in this time had suffered even if her college only had a slight inclination towards giving the same type of curriculum. Friedan also explains the immature nature of these housewives, their negative cycle of finding no self-identification in their roles and in turn, providing no benefit to the children’s needs to discover their own identity. The next goes childhood that might have given the most vivid outlook on the performer’s initializing. Rebellion against her family, particularly his father who got married after her mother’s death and kept his family in the strict Catholic dogmas, the rules and norms of the family and school, obeying of which was undisputable. Madonna hardly saw to eye with her stepmother while resisting her household chore, which was given to each of the children. She did not have any intention to give up all that in order to omit the constant keeping her down. Free she was in all her ideas and it appeared to be no power to structure her ambitions. Her rights in the family were not limited in accordance with any existing standard, but incapable of getting additional options. Childhood transformations are defined in the book Life with My Sister Madonna where in a kind of verbose manner the early years of Madonna are portrayed by her brother Christopher. From the very beginning of the book it becomes clear that now fabulous singer, but earlier a small girl who was born in a big family, obviously demonstrated her boredom of any socially accepted activity. She was free and demonstrated her frivolity and ability to release from whatever constrains any moment she could. Unstable and difficult to be predicted, she was born to impress the world. Madonna gave herself a strict daily routine, as her brother Christopher Ciccone reveals in his book. Schedule, in fact, is my sister’s middle nam e. Up at nine in the morning, in bed by eleven at night, with every hour in between planned by her as rigidly as military campaign. With her mania for making lists, for running her life according to a timetable, in another incarnation Madonna could easily have run a prison, directed airport traffic, or been a five-star general (2). This shows that even though she has escaped the general construction of confined roles in terms of a career, Madonna is still influenced by and seeks the familiarity of the characteristics of the daily life of a housewife. Madonna displayed the advocacy of racial equality as well as social class of the third wave in many of her music videos. For example, in her controversial music video â€Å"Like a Prayer† she kisses a black man accused of rape. Christopher attributed it to their parents, who chose to live in a community of Mexicans, blacks and caucasians. He wrote, â€Å"They hope[d] that living in such a multi-racial community will foster racia l tolerance in all of [the] children†¦[and â€Å"Like a Prayer†] is one of the many proofs that they succeeded† (29). To return to the main theme: There are many signs of rebellion in Madonna early in her life. The combination of the death of his mother and her uncanny resemblance to her made for a special place in her father’s heart. Christopher, Madonna’s younger brother, could not recall any scolding or disciplining of his sister. While the six siblings took turns at household chores given to them by their stepmother, Madonna escaped these duties on the account of Joan’s fear of overworking her father’s special child. When she returned home late one night, Madonna finally received a slight physical punishment from Joan. Madonna replied back with a slap (37). It turned out that a group of bikers drove up to the pit and started playing loud music. Everyone else was really annoyed, but only Madonna had the guts to go up and say something . So one of the biker chicks beat her up. Madonna shrugged the whole thing off her confidence and bravery intact (37). She got black eyes and bleeding nose as an identification of her strong personality. She learned from the creed of her own philosophy and applied standards to the rest, her family, her friends, and just acquaintances. At the age of fourteen she performed on the stage having the deep sense of her own sexuality. Having appeared in green and fluorescent pink paint, critically short top that more resembled stripe and shorts, Madonna seemed to be entirely naked as her father claimed her to be. At that time small girl caught the attention of auditorium and made everyone unable to take their eyes off her figure. Knowing that her performance may have become a real scandal in that conservative society of her upbringing, she showed no respect to any of the remarks. That trick seemed to work while even her brother Christopher changed his mind of his sister. In his book he stat es, â€Å"As for me, the night of the talent show marks the birth of my fascination with my sister Madonna. For on that night, I understand she isn’t like everyone else; she is profoundly different† (42). It appears that throughout the whole strenuous life Madonna keeps her eye on her main chance. She stays her opportunity to be strong, sexually attractive and in good physical form in order to overcome any single challenge that could possibly appear on her way to success. At the time of her teens she is charmed with the magnificent movements that seem so much promising and even buzzing from the side did not prevent her from doing her job the way she saw it. She was lithe and agile and had the discipline and commitment to do well. Avowedly gay, Flynn took her out with him to the gay nightclubs in downtown, Detroit, where they often stole the show on the dance floor together, doing the latest dance steps. Dance lessons suddenly opened up a career path that Madonna was pa ssionate about (Cross, 10). The continuation of dancing career became a matter of will for Madonna who in the realm of her own determination became ready to let everybody’s jaws drop. The rebelliousness of this action may appear in the explanation that her meticulous performing activity at that time most probably was driven by a sense of disobedience. Even being young, in her teens, she was not afraid to be misunderstood, misinterpreted or simply gagged at. Frequently she provoked the society to contemplate their own wishes and desires, not the rules imposed on them by someone else. She put on her shorts, this time not even a top, but a bra, dressed in black color, by all these making the observers bemused by what they see. Bemused but not shocked with her pale complexion, blond hair, minimal dress, and red lipstick. This image of a fashion icon she guards up to now, sending new trends and bringing new details and so-called style improvements. Madonna: thew roots of social re belliousness Concerning the social life and entrenched norms, Madonna understood them mostly as relics that should be changed. However, before any statements are made about the revolution caused by the star, it is to be mentioned that, although Madonna struggles to blur the lines that distinguish a man from a woman, one may observe that there is a paradox in her attempts as she seeks out her own identity. In the book The Beauty Myth Naomi Wolf states, â€Å"The 70’s jolted women into positions of power† and â€Å"If women were going to have sexual freedom and a measure of worldly power, they’d better learn to fuck like men† (134). Soon after, Madonna’s long lasting star power beginning in the 80’s showed her ability to portray the traits of both sexes. Wearing male costumes and demonstrating her male strength, did she have an intention to relish from her own singing and acting activities or simply tried hard to boost her chances of success? Are her actions a presentation of liberation for women or are they simply another ploy to seek attention by drawing people to the mysteriousness of androgyny? The position of the girl who was in her father’s good book and never got told off could not be different from a feminine oriented. Madonna struggled for public space, encouraging in this way other activists who were eager to get their status in the society of no men-women division. From her perspective, this movement would enable considerable changes in the social and moral values when the limits of effective participation and contribution were going to depend purely on a person and his or her will. Altering the traditional norms and rules of the society where female rights were of a limited if not occasional nature, the process was believed to shape broader ideas. Meanwhile, Madonna’s rather stern character entirely corresponds with the idea of feminism that steered an animated discussion toward treating gender inequalities in the context of bipolar logic. Being understood correctly or not, the public image of Madonna fully matches the previously mentioned definition, moreover stated in the book. In case of understanding Madonna in the light of postmodernism it appears that everything she does should have been â€Å"governed by pre-established rules, and may not be judged [†¦] according to predefined categories† (Guilbert, 21). In all likelihood, the situation with Madonna’s breaking all rules of conventional understanding of her role in the society is not as rosy as it may seem. Madonna’s crucification on the cross in her Confession tour in 2006 generated a storm of controversy and Vatican’s condemnation. The issue of sexuality, in this case of a naked man from the cross, is raised throughout her career. She tends to provoke religious groups by her every concert or interview, however, little do we know about the real Madonna’s peculiarity, mentioned by her brother. For although Madonna is notorious for her lack of inhibition, for posing nude for art students, modeling topless for Gaultier – in private, she is far from too shy and prudish to allow herself to be seen naked at close quarters by a stranger [her dresser] (Ciccone, 15). This information may sound like delusional nonsense, considering her insatiable appetite for self revelation realized in Madonna’s frequent frivolities. They are far from innocent more appearing to be deliberate incidents of witchcraft. Madonna’s kissing with Britney Spears, made in public, was claimed by the church who did it down to be seduction. Moreover it was settled for by publicity, believing it to be a kind of promotion via mass offence or â€Å"blatant insensitivity† as it was called. But good or bad as it is now said to be, the act itself was a claim of freedom made for the young generation who should be neither restricted, nor afraid. Madonna tends to bring a lo t to watch, moreover, she carries much to contemplate. It seems now that by her hanging she gave auditorium a fascinating view no matter believed or not to be immoral. The representatives of the young generation were looked to express their disapproval while being given a chance to strike a balance between their wishes and duties. The main idea postulated by Madonna was to make people realize their deeds and confess about every single activity. She saw about this putting the question Have You Confessed? on the screen. June Sochen in her book From Mae to Madonna states that Madonna in her career was predominantly teen oriented. However, in contrast to Mae West, whose prime audience was energetic college men, Madonna appealed to teenyboppers, little eleven-and twelve-year-old girls who imitated her dress, exposed their belly buttons, and wore fingerless lace gloves (189). This fact served as a kind of tantalizing remark for the singer. Her first tour helped to visualize that her audit orium was 60 percent female. She was understood as a feminist icon, a role model aimed at teens and young feministic oriented women. Madonna never called herself a feminist, but humanist, a woman who should be kept in mind for her devoted life of self sacrifice in the name of freedom, tolerating the rights of others and intimidating those who were paralyzed even at the idea of structure rebounding. By enlisting Madonna in the rank of postmodern personalities Georges-Claude falls in with the remark that she is not a person whose image will ever wear away. He mentions that Madonna fits the definition of the postmodern star just because she â€Å"chooses the elements that suit her, but without worrying about the usual criteria of high and low culture† (Guilbert, 23). It speaks much in the context of her clips in sadomasochism style. Madonna brought her sexual image to a new, more controversial plateau by casually throwing in quips relating to sadomasochism† (Taraborrelli, 178). Such her behavior became a revelation and a treat. It unnerved those aggressively reacting on Madonna’s music activity and repeatedly raised a question of her morality. But it does not anyhow influence her popularity. To prove his idea the author states in his book, â€Å"when she (Madonna) poses for a photographer, she knows that the pictures will rapidly be circulated all over the planet, from one magazine to another, from one press agency to another, sometimes pirated†¦when Madonna grants a press conference, hundreds of journalists publish the same questions and answers as if each of them were the authors† (Guilbert, 50). Is not it a fame that escorts her to the tops of the worlds’ charts? For her pornographic session Madonna was severely criticized by church after millions of her fans picked up a trend of wearing Christian crosses as a jewelry that was officially said to offend many traditionalists’ believes and affront social values. Madon na openly declared that her main weapon in all the sexual wars was humor and her sexual attractiveness was her own form of her power. And the sensible approach to its usage gave her the ability to notch up the maximum success. Perhaps she overstepped the boundaries because the controversy did not produce a blockbuster. Critics panned the book as prurient and in extreme bad taste. It is not known whether Madonna knew of Mae West’s 1926 play by the same mane that also received bad reviews, but it is clear that Madonna continues to search for ways to create and recreate her successful image and remain a star (Sochen, 192) Astute marketer of her own persona as Madonna appears in the book Madonna’s Drowned World, she opposes the discrepancy of the life. ’Madonna phenomenon’ became a new name that rebounded after her life being put to tatters a couple of times before reaching a long awaited top. The author says, â€Å"Representing an expansive sonic plane, her productions open up an important space for understanding the intricacies of identity at play† (Fouz-Hernandez, 3). She speaks with her public by means of her songs the true secret of which is carried not in the production of sounds, but in the problems discussed in them. It speaks even more than Madonna’s own segregation from so-called legitimacy of staggeringly unbearable social norms. The star discerns her life as the most precious thing with the help of which she manifests her ability to resist male sexual autonomy, mainly by highlighting her surfaced interaction with lesbianism. Publicly accused of being a lesbian after having been noticed in the bar with one of her female friends, Madonna took on a new threatening image of a ‘floozy’. The performer as a socially unstable personality became in public consciousness her second skin that kept the world in rumors even speculating over her first birth giving. A woman with a nuclear family whose lesbian sexu ality was another trick played at the male-ruling society, occurred to be an exceptional example of how easily one can establish his or her own image. Madonna engaged herself with lesbian culture via political discourse. The same is to be mentioned about her publicly kissing Britney Spears. No way to mention any sweet feeling like love or passion. Perhaps wearing a man’s pin-striped suit indicates her manly personality. She explained it simply quoting the reasons of becoming transvestites for both men and women. While the first are looking forward to getting new extraordinary experience of wearing women’s underclothes that brings erection and so sexual satisfaction, women demonstrate their cultural desire to be noticed in the male-dominating society. Moreover, it was typical of American filmmaking of the twentieth century to popularize the men’s clothing. There was, in short, one more good case of Madonna’s rebellious behavior. Once releasing her book Sex , the performer developed her collection of highly impressive photos of Madonna’s kind of sexual affair with men and women. Amid those participating in a show were celebrities who as well as Madonna were stigmatized however, being worshiped by the fans who set up the adoration of her free sexuality. There used to be an idea that pop culture can agree with the existence of the female singers of either of two types – a good girl and a bad girl, the latter as a rule never taken seriously. Everything is being all right except Madonna’s appearance in pop culture. Being well known of her image of a bad girl she broke the preliminary visions of who female singer was. In a trapping of a bad girl, Madonna did not ask for a serious reliance, but demanded it. Not a singer but charismatic actress as she originally was accepted, she appeared to be a real renovation, natural and talented singer, exceptionally vulnerable and coherent. In stead of her voice sounding girlish, th in, and pinched her persona was aggressive, provocative, and sexy. Her video Erotica was believed to become one to liberate social libidos of contemporary Americans and to lighten their wallets, while whetting Madonna’s appetite for new experience and emotions. She is even believed not only to obey sexuality, but to satirize sex in some of her explicit works. Madonna’s stated position is that she desperately wishes people to confront their long-obeyed believes about sexuality, race and gender. By means of libertine sexuality she helps them to deal with the repression as she believed it to be. Moreover, Madonna tried to intervene in and influence the shape of mythology about her. And the initial popularity of the star amid teenage girls was explained simply, attributing it to fans’ identification with her power and independence. She deliberately offered them means of resisting the powerlessness and subordination especially to patriarchy. Her popularity amid women is explained nearly the same as with teenagers due to the identification with Madonna’s figure who is a knot of power and desire. She dares to intrude into the situation of eternal tranquility and disturbs the status quo while not only being an outspoken and sexy woman, but socially and economically powerful person. After thriving her heyday, Madonna’s power in cultural sphere and the controversial situations she appeared in became deeply rooted in perception of her personality which now was seen as strong or better to say powerful one. By her appearance in the culture Madonna challenged many spheres of so much habitual life and she the established positions of active feminism, fueling stereotypes. Madonna’s denial of traditional values in her adult life and career In the sphere of professional and personal stability Madonna is far from being called unchangeable. Leisa Barnet in her article Madonna’s Style Evolution called the style of the pop idol of th e chameleon nature. She burst onto the pop stage in the Eighties in thrift shop looks that defined a generation and, through Gaultier conical bras, religious epiphanies, touches of English rose-dom and a gym obsession (not to mention two marriages, two children and one traumatic adoption), Madonna’s chameleon sense of style has never failed to keep the fashion world on its toes. This speaks for itself explaining the popularity of Madonna’s image and her impact on her listeners, who hold their breath at her never stable appearance and never tranquil life. In the book Madonna as Postmodern Myth Georges-Claude Guilbert names Madonna a polyvalent artist who not only made am enormous impact on music, but penetrated collective consciousness of Americans. Millions of people all over the Globe believe her to perfectly match the definition of an affluent businesswoman, actress, producer, musician, writer, model, journalist, pop singer etc. The author explains his own vision of the term correctly associated with the pop star, naming Madonna a superstar and gives the precise quotation in his book. He writes, In Warholian terms, a superstar was initially an unknown person who, in the groove of the sixties New York underground, bestowed the title upon herself or himself (Guilbert, 12). Randy Taraborrelli in his book Madonna mentions the fact that explains Madonna’s devotion to her career. He cited the singer saying, People don’t know how good I am yet †¦ But they will soon. In a couple of years everyone will know†¦I plan on being one of this century’s biggest stars (Taraborrelli, xiii). Because of her hard work, clarity of intentions, extraordinary self sacrifice and determination she is now a star she promised to become. This contemporary struggle for recognition was so much in need while it helped to gain access to the process of inclusion into social consciousness. Considering the fact of inequality, one means a strict divisi on onto the dominant and subordinate groups the latter of which is usually characterized by the numerous constrains of the ways to articulate their interests. At the University of Michigan, where Madonna continued her attempts to get education, she shared room with a Whitley Setrakian, a young and promising choreographer, and left an impression of â€Å"beautiful†¦very thin†¦spontaneous, driven and unafraid† personality (Taraborrelli, 30). Her behavior and feelings were expressed in a quite different way. Madonna never has never standed superiority of somebody else but not her. Niki had a better voice than Madonna. Her voice is fully trained, and Madonna fights to keep her bay because Niki is fully capable of drowning her out and often does. When that happens, Madonna sometimes orders Niki’s mike to be switched off (Ciccone, 18). This rebelliousness against someone else’s superiority may sound quite approved. Not caring too much about so-called moral l egitimacy of her deeds which directly concerned her life Madonna kept her number one place on the stage she had been struggling for since the very beginning of her life. Such kind of protection from one’s intrusion is perceived as her self-appreciation that resulted in Madonna’s never exhausting energy in her moving forward. She was raw, but we were all raw then. However, if one dancer got a lot of attention and she didn’t, that made her angry and she would talk to me about it. ‘What does she have that I don’t have?’ she would ask. She would think it was unjust that anyone got more recognition than she got. It drove hr crazy that others were as good, or better, as if there was a mad race to finish (Taraborrelli, 30). Challenging her life before coming to the stage, Madonna radiated serenity while staying on it because of her fans, millions of who worshiped the image of their idol, even dressed in secondhand clothes. It became her cult (Tarabo rrelli, 62). And she, Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone, satisfied only with the best available of everything, became a person to inspire others with her life and activity. There was a set of Madonna’s rules. She demonstrated obedience while following them and was looking forward or even much expected the same from the people who were near her. Madonna insisting that everything has to be done her way, according to timetable and that life must be lived by her rules (Ciccone, 30). By this it becomes clear that Madonna expected much from her surrounding, she applied standards, but at the same time she theatrically showed the way she neglected all the rules and barriers put in front of her. In the final chapter of The Feminine Mystique, Friedan encourages women to view housework as a means to an end to find their own paths to achieve their completeness. It seems as though Madonna chose to follow the ideas of Friedan and then took her newfound psychological freedom to another level. She went on to fuse her talent in dancing with the art of music. Her influence is hard to deny: ready to surprise with every activity or action, she seemed never to be lost for new ideas. That is more she elongates her omnipresent image reduplication in the consciousness of millions by her various occupations. It is mentioned about Madonna’s success that it is achieved due to her â€Å"ability constantly stay fresh and new† (Fouz-Hernandez, 22). Is not it about her stardom that evoked her desire not to wear away with time? Madonna changes her appearance more frequently than one can suggest, never keeping up constant. Preliminarily in her album Like a Prayer and later in her successful career singer has performed her transformations that by current time take the status of the cultural pattern. At her concerts she reappears in multiple variations of styles and images. She tends to mask herself at her concerts as it happened at â€Å"Open you Heart†. The singer ap peared to change her image tree times being wearing a black haired wig at the beginning, her usual hair dress throughout and at the end she bore much resemblance to the man in his male suit and hat. Madonna recalls it as a masquerade, visual misconception that prevents from being seen as you are. She changed her appearance but at the same time stayed exactly the same with her body gestures that appeared in various performances, and ideas of her life that continuously were striking the consciousness of listeners. It is worth mentioning that Madonna and her peculiar style is on the tip of the tongues of those for who the term ‘fashion’ rings a bell and others far less acquainted with the necessity to redecorate the appearance that was given them by nature. Pop legend whose bra sexually empowered woman and made men subconsciously afraid of the breasts came forward as an icon of the style. Her devotion to the bra and body exposure were easily visualized even in her humble a ppearance at the 1995 VMAs. On the contrary, her leather-clad image caused confusion amid the teens who were desperately seeking for a leather bodysuit. Madonna’s insatiable desire for globetrotting was fully realized in her appearance in the costumes, styles and colors that were multitraditional. By this it is meant, that Madonna’s Evita after appearing in red color infected the whole Globe with an idea of doing out in red. Then Indian style came about with its brunette hair and henna tattoos. Every time Madonna’s style takes breath away and stimulates to deeply analyze the reasons of her occasional preference of outfits. A bit later in a new turn of vicious circle Madonna returned to her school pants-less tradition as it had been called. And finally, her award at the Rock ‘n’ roll Hall of Fame she got in a female tuxedo dress that seemed unnaturally humble if not to consider that it was completely sheer. In dress or simply without cords, and even with the bunny ears that she was noticed possessing at Costume Gala red carpet she is going to be stated in sartorial history book. Moreover, every single detail of her dress tantalizes the followers of her style while jeopardizing their social predisposition. She rebels even against the death that left her off her mother. She sets her own rules not caring too much about how stringent they may appear to the rest. In the book The Rough Guide to Rock Peter Buckley states, Her ability to impact public consciousness is matched only by her capacity to successfully reinvent herself – now she’s even writing children’s books. What can be said with certainty is that she’s unlikely to disappear. And for that, she should take a bow (Buckley, 628). At the cost of leaving but in order to precipitate her being on the stage, Madonna re-arranged herself in the opposite new image of the ballad singer and in 1995 faced the world with her new collection Something to Remembe r. She set an example of how to protect the thing she valued. Moreover, she did it in a manner when the words were needless. And then she left the world observe and speculate about the consequences of such encapsulating as she usually does. She takes over her destiny using the supplement sources such as the power of her voice, the beauty of her body and various means of criticizing social norms and believes. Both singer and actress, though her own self-promotion and tranasgressive actions, Madonna inverted (or at least challenged) America’s notion of sex, gender and power. She publicized her appropriation of the unspoken and taboo areas of America’s moralist rhetoric and capitalized on it through the scandalization and titillation of the consumer (Smith-Shomade, 162). In the book Madonna’s Drowned Worlds the author says, Madonna, whether you like it or not, started a revolution amongst women in music. She made the female body seem more like a machine with cravin gs and less like Barbie doll. Her attitudes and opinions about sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take a notice (Fouz-Hernandez, 162). It proves the fact that her attention towards her image on the stage was huge. Moreover, she keeps this idea in her mind since the very beginning of her career when standing on the stage she noticed remarkable looks from the audience. Women were no longer to be treated as some fragile creatures, but rather muscular figures, physically and mentally strong not only to overcome the changes but to stimulate them. By all this, Madonna did not seem to deny the necessity of male strength. The rebelliousness was in her understanding and acceptance of the general concept of natural hierarchy of power but constant attacking the concept of female and gay exclusion as well as minority elimination. She understood that the key to preventing such stereotypical social system from existing was to show or to teach others how to distinguis h obligations and ventures. The doubters of adequacy of this movement called to get excited and energized. Generally speaking, Madonna’s personality covered the great variety of spheres of major social interest among which one can recall subculture appropriation, rules and marvelous manner of representation, postmodernism and body modification. Madonna herself gained a fame of image, role, symbol that was an apple of the eye of social exploration of gender, race, sexuality, feminism, and consumer culture. In the third chapter of his book Georges-Claude reckons, Madonna strove to organize her own cult like those ancient goddesses who came down to earth to instruct humans (Guilbert, 62). It can appear hilarious, but isn’t it an explanation for Madonna’s self realization in various spheres including her own Ed Hardy’s clothes designing line? It came as no surprise that in the end of the summer 2010 in Macy’s USA there appeared pop idol’s collec tion of T-shirts for teenagers and kids. She launched her collection called after her single Material Girl. Doing all this she not only enlarged the number of her own fans and extends the ranks of social statuses, but popularized her fame among the youngest, somehow instructing the humans. Assessing the role of Madonna and the impact of her rebellious nature, it becomes clear that the influence of Madonna’s musical and cultural career can only be called profound. Her constant transformations became a focus of major attention as well as her personality. In addition, Madonna profoundly used video more than any other contemporary star in order to promote her music. What is more, Madonna’s singing was a soundtrack to her own persona and her sexual dare. In fact, it seems that she is constant controversy. She is inspired by her navigating trough the canonical society tantalizing the publicity rather than jeopardizing it. In the light of Madonna’s definition of gender role it should be mentioned that in order to anticipate great success, Madonna seemed to manage another, new aspect of the contradiction between the notions of women social role and their potential success in the personal, professional and other spheres. By her own example she proved that women could easily reach the top of the fame, realize themselves in any activity due to their will. To demonstrate her own potential in order to underline the ability do act, but not to wait and complain. It was her, Madonna’s, idea of how to reel from sluggish society slowed by their numerous bans and constrains. The strategic implications of her activity occurred to be very powerful. Madonna with her every single activity presented the world with a new image that was a mix of oppositions such as suffering and survival, theatrical performance and ironic speculation, vulnerability and strength. It is a reflection of her inner warfare caused by the desire to articulate the identity in the st ruggle for mainstream, equality and admittance to the dominant culture. Conclusion Not only did she embody a postmodern sensibility, but took this sensibility into a domain of gender and sexual diversity. In the context of self-estimation and efficacy which were mentioned earlier Madonna appears to face the requirements of both. Her estimation of herself and her own personality corresponds with the social envisioning of an ideal woman free of any type of constrains. Madonna’s interest in some other occupations with which she got involved with is explained by her unsuccessful expansion of her pop music empire and her longing for new experience. Is it not a matter of efficacy? Insatiable appetite and willingness to get the maximum of everything made her outstanding and remarkable persona even after thirty years of her conquering the stage. She appeared as a fashion designer, a producer and filmmaker, as well as publisher and actress. It seems there isn’t any activity tha t she did not try. But it does not anyhow underline her superiority or fact of being extraordinary. It appears vice versa. A girl from the big family who managed to get over the death of her mother and poverty of her teenage years far from home promised to reach the top of the fame. She promised to herself to become a star and she did, gaining fame of postmodern Cinderella. At a steady pace she moved forward reaching the aim, fighting her way as she recalls it. She kept her promise by her devoted life full of self-sacrifice. Is she an unusual woman after that? If only in the light of acting up stereotypical norms and giving birth to the culture that gradually takes over the whole globe even far from its own country. Every time Madonna takes her place on the stage the main focus is made on how extraordinary she is while performing, stressing over and over her nickname that sounds like Bad Girl. All these in the name of fame, in order not to fail meeting her personal requirements of n early ideal individuality whose appearance is properly taken care of, who uses her life in order not to deprive herself of an opportunity to relish the process of attending to unbridgeable gap of gender and cultural issues. She was refreshingly honest in her admission that she had done all that with the goal to realize herself in her life. She seems to never blight her form and power. She used her popularity to propagate the new concepts of life. Madonna set an example of how not to accept, but resist against the inequalities, unbearable gender roles, and gender stereotypes. By doing this she did not only inspire others, but persists in her hard work and personal efficacy. Rebellious as she has always been will she remain in the future. Works Cited Barnet, Leisa â€Å"Madonna’s Style Evolution† Web. Buckley, Peter. The Rough Guide to Rock. London: Rough Guides, 2003. Ciccone, Christopher. Life with my sister Madonna. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment, 2008. Cross , Mary. Madonna: a biography. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. Fouz-Hernandez, Santiago, Jarman-Ivens, Freya. Madonna’s Drowned World. New approaches to her cultural transformations, 1983-2003. NY: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004. Friedan, Betty. The feminine mystique. London: Norton, 2001. Guilbert, George-Claude. Madonna as postmodern myth : how one star’s self-construction rewrites sex, gender, Hollywood and the American dream. NY: McFarland Company, Inc., 2002. Inglehart, Ronald, Norris, Pipa. Rising Tide. Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Lee, W Janice. Gender roles. NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2005. Smith-Shomade, E Beretta. Shaded Lives: African-American women and television. NY: Rutgers University Press, 2002. Sochen, June. From Mae to Madonna: Women Entertainers in Twentieth-Century America. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 1999. Taraborrelli, J Randy. Madonna. NY: Simon Schuster Rockefeller Center, 2001. Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist thought. A more comprehensive introduction. NY: Westview Press, 2009. Wolf, Naomi. The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women. NY: Perennial, 2002. This research paper on Madonna The Rebel was written and submitted by user Xavier White to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Using Experiential Learning With Adults Is Powerful

Why Using Experiential Learning With Adults Is Powerful Kolb and Frye, two leaders in adult educational theory, say that adults learn best through active participation and reflection. This form of learning is called experiential because it involves hands-on experience and observation as well as discussion and other forms of learning. What Is Experiential Learning? In a sense, experiential learning is simply learning by doing but there is more to the process. Not only do learners take action, but they reflect on, learn from, and take new action based on experience. Kolb and Frye describe experiential learning as a four-part cycle: The learner has concrete experience with the content being taught.The learner reflects on the experience by comparing it to prior experiences.Based on experience and reflection, the learner develops new ideas about the content being taught.The learner acts on her new ideas by experimenting in an experiential setting. When the new ideas are put into action, they become the basis for a new cycle of experiential learning. Examples of Experiential Learning Its important to understand that experiential learning is not identical with hands-on learning or apprenticeship. The purpose of experiential learning is not simply to learn a skill through practice, but also to think critically about the practice and to improve upon it. For a child, hands-on learning might involve mixing baking powder and vinegar and watching it bubble and rise. This activity is good hands-on fun, but it doesnt necessarily provide the child with a full understanding of the chemical interaction between the two materials.   For an adult, hands-on learning might involve working with a trained carpenter to learn how to build a chair. In this case, the learner has gained some skills but has not taken part in experiential learning. The next step would involve taking time to reflect on the experience and compare chair-building to other building projects. Based on reflection, the learner would then develop new ideas about how best to go about building a chair and return to chair building with new insights and ideas. Pros and Cons of Experiential Learning Experiential learning can be very powerful for adults because they have the life experience and cognitive ability to reflect, develop new ideas, and take positive action. It also provides adults with the real-world experience they need to place their new skills in context and to develop new ideas about how to implement their skills. This is particularly true when real-world skills are taught in a classroom context. For example, a classroom experience with providing CPR is very different from a real-world experience in the back of an ambulance. On the other hand, experiential learning has very specific limits. It is only useful when the  content being taught is content that will be used in a real-world setting. So, for example, it is very difficult to provide experiential learning relative to literature, history, or philosophy. Yes, it is possible to take field trips to relevant locations or museums but field trips are quite different from experiential learning.

How to Add Rocket Fuel to Your Job Search Strategy

How to Add Rocket Fuel to Your Job Search Strategy Finding a job like everything else in life requires a plan. When you buy a new car, you probably look at different car makers, models and reviews. You learn about the vehicle’s handling, braking distance and gas mileage. Once you have acquired a knowledge base, you might visit showrooms, check classified ads or go online. Finding a job is not very different. The parameters might be, but the basic research, knowledge acquisition and plan execution are not. Pick  a Job That Is Right for YouThe first order of business is to look at your strengths, interests and experience. You need to identify the job that best suits you. Once you have established that, it is a good idea to check who is hiring in the area. Job classifieds may detail local openings. Online job sites, such as TheJobNetwork, provide multiple listings and send email alerts when a job opportunity surfaces.Companies and Hiring ProfilesOnce you have chosen the type of job you want, it is important to search for compan ies who offer that type of work. Companies are often specific about the type of candidate needed. Whether written directly or not, companies put forth a hiring profile. Deciding if you meet the criteria is a good first step. If so, checking into company preferences concerning resume style and other information the company may want is advisable. Use the resume to set yourself apart and provide categorization of your strengths and achievements while staying within the company job description.Creating the Resume and Extraneous ProfilesPotential employers often check out applicants on LinkedIn. Having a profile that is well written and provides an accurate presentation of your skills, employment history and connections is important. In addition, knowing about a company will help to set you apart later on during the interview process. This shows attentiveness to detail and curiosity, qualities that are highly valued. Researching the company and its beliefs and value system, as well as it s product or services, indicates that you have taken the time to learn about the company.Checking Your Resume and Cover LetterWriting a generic cover letter and resume is a good idea. Your resume should succinctly chronicle your experience and training as well as education. Modifying the resume and cover letter to fit the job makes sense. It is obvious to employers when the resume is not job specific. Letting a mentor or friend review your resume and LinkedIn profile helps give you fresh perspective.Job OutlookThe job outlook has seen an uptick since 2010, and statistically this growth is strong. The number of jobs in each sector varies. By using labor statistics, it is possible for a job seeker to determine which category has the most jobs at any given time.Finding Jobs Depends On Where You LookLooking online for jobs every day helps you catch a new opening as soon as it is announced. TheJobNetwork finds opportunities and alerts you by email as soon as a job is available. Signing u p for this service is free and easy. Once you upload your information, this job recruitment network searches its database and others for new job opportunities.

UK manufacturing activity edges higher in January Essay

UK manufacturing activity edges higher in January - Essay Example According to a survey of Purchasing and Supplies Chartered institute at least six hundred industry institutions experienced a flop in the export market in a sequence of at least one year (BBC, 2013). However, this predicament did not hinder potential growth in the domestic demand market where orders for locally manufactured products reached an all time high. Therefore, the improvement in business trading conditions has facilitated a remarkable correspondence to an encouraging start in 2013 for the manufacturing industry (BBC, 2013). In this regard, this essay will delve on the ways in which the UK can command a global market share as compared to other competitors like China. Further, it will focus on how low cost labor influences this trend as the application of low cost labor force has propelled China into being a manufacturing giant. In addition, the essay will zone in which precision products the UK should focus on as how Germany has done. Presentation of issues In the past years, the poor performance of the manufacturing industry had clear indications through the financial markets where they recorded dismal performances. Sequentially, this performance led to the stagnation of industrialization in the UK. However, this trend has experienced a revolution in that the sector has managed to lift the economic aspects of the UK. This means that the export markets for the manufacturing industry in the country have expanded with most of the expansion being in January of 2013. In addition, the European market has also achieved stabilization through the emergence of improved market activities. Moreover, the weakening of the sterling pound has also facilitated the expansion of the European market because this has helped overseas markets to enhance trading (Abbott, 2002:120). Therefore, the most likely occurrence this year is the securing of growth levels for product launches by manufacturers in UK. Subsequently, the new product launches into the European market would p ush for profitable markets outside Europe. In essence, all is positive acquisitions occurred in a period in January 2013, which marked as a positive way of beginning the year for the industry. Presently, the re-emergence of the manufacturing sector has set their goals on being on the worldwide recovery path. Key themes Ideally, the global recession formed the basis for lack of employment for a large part of the UK population (World Of Information, 2003: 394). This predicament influenced a high in the inflation rates because the products on sale came with a high price tag on them. In essence, the recession forced many to lose their posts in their places of work because the profits realized during this time was not sufficient enough to sustain the labor force. During this time, there was the unending search for labor available options because the demand was high, but there was no labor force sufficient to make production in the manufacturing industry. Arguably, global recession brough t about the disparity in the industry because the manufacturers were not able to reach market demands. In addition, the lending rates went up because of inflation as the sterling weakened to relatively low levels. Therefore, the manufacturing industry had to borrow at extremely high lending rates, which they could not manage to repay since their profit levels were insufficient. In this regard, the manufacturing

The Convergence of Physical and Information Security Research Paper

The Convergence of Physical and Information Security - Research Paper Example There before, organizations and enterprises used to protect their assets primarily with the use of physical efforts such as guns and gates. However, this has become an obsolete idea today since people today are now using passwords and effortless systems to protect their assets. ISSA, ISACA, and ASIS are examples of the three main security organizations that endorse security convergence. A few years ago, the three organizations came up with the Enterprise Security Risk Management with the intention of enhancing effortless security. Using the example of Smart Cards, we see a very good example of the convergence between the buildings (physical), the PCS and the networks (information). Before we go deep into the topic, it would be important we understand the point of convergence between the two concepts as this will help us learn why the discussion is so important today. When we talk about the physical security, we mean the traditional form of protection that focused primarily on the use of effort to protect the assets owned by an organization (Conference Board of Canada, 2011). During this time, organizations, mainly used guns, electric fences, security fences and guns to guard their territory. Physical security officers will in that case be made up of law enforcement officers. These officers had specific departments who will in return report to risk management offices and departments. The use of such systems and tools was predominant a few decades ago. Today, things have widely changed and people are no longer using effort to protect their assets. This has been defined as information security. With the use of information security, firms are widely using passwords and software gadgets to protect their assets from unauthorized access and use (Contos, 2007). Staffs under information security have well established technical backgrounds as their intention is to use as a minimum effort as possible in protecting the assets an

The theatre works of Orson Welles Essay Example for Free

The theatre works of Orson Welles Essay George Orson Welles became known as an American actor who is also into radio, motion picture and theatrical producer. He was born Kenosha, Wisconsin on May 6, 1915. He finished his high school in Woodstock, Illinois and began his acting career with the Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, in 1931. Two years later he toured the United States with Katherine Cornell and in 1937 founded the Mercury Theatre, the same year producing actors in modern-dressed version of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. Among his other stage production were Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus (1937) in which he played the title role and Thomas Dekker’s â€Å"The Shoemaker’s Holiday†. Welles made Mercury text recording of Shakespeare’s plays, at the same time producing radio broadcasts. The War of the Worlds, broadcast in 1938, a fictionalized narrative of the invasion of earth by creatures from other planets, is said to have created panic in the New York Metropolitan area because of its realism, although there has been some misgivings recently on the account of write-ups that there was real panic leading people to vacate the area. In 1940, Welles began his motion picture career as producer, writer, director, and actor. His most notable motion picture, which has received current acclaim as the Hollywood’s most important work to have produced, was Welles’s Citizen Kane, released in 1941. Other more prominent works includes The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Journey into Fear (1942), Macbeth (1947), Moby Dick (1956), and Compulsion (1959). He made a documentary film in Latin America. II. Discussion A. The Issue of Politics on Welles’ Life and Works During the early years of Mercury Wonder Show, Welles took to the task of bringing travelling shows, performing before military troops during the war years. His initial performances were relegated to performing comedy shows and showcasing his abilities for magic tricks. As the broadcasting of this show became regularly heard by troops at camps while being deployed abroad, and as the war dragged on, Welles started to incorporate political issues by using war themes. The show however, had to be dropped because of its unpopularity, failing miserably on public ratings. The New York Post took Welles as one of its writers where he began to take political issues to the fore. He often considered subjects that were bordering on the controversial that had come to illustrate Welles’ works whether it be in print, radio broadcast or films. The chief problem however, for Welles and for those who employ his talent, the focus would end up in politics instead of strictly adhering to the project’s original format. The New York Post work for instance, had wanted to cash in on the saleability of Hollywood gossips to boost sales for its newspaper. The character and presence of Welles was to bring a different flavour to the columns’ set-up. This brought him constantly at odds with producers who would not gamble their financial investments on his works that catered more on his personal political passions that went for most of his lifetime unappreciated by co-workers in Hollywood. He later lost his writing space at the New York Post. Undaunted, Welles continued to take up serious political issues on air through his radio broadcast Commentaries. He would often pick up relevant issues of the time, usually speaking up to question (or ‘attack’) the validity and morality of actions and decisions done by a single individual, company, or political government. Political matters taken up in this program includes: †¢ Bikini Atomic Test – was on his radio program that questioned the validity of the government’s action of test explosions. His opinion was supposed to mirror the fears and anxieties of the public towards its safety for such undertakings. †¢ Affidavit of Isaac Woodward – the case concerning Isaac Woodard was not readily revealed, but Orson Welles made extensive efforts to expose the injustice done against Woodard. His was a case of police brutality and prejudice against blacks. South Carolina’s authorities were indicated to have grossly violated the rights of Woodard, who had been severely beaten by a police officer that left him blind for the rest of his life along with partial amnesia. The plight of this former bemedalled Naval war veteran of the 2nd World War, created a national outrage, owing largely to the works of Welles. (â€Å"1946 Orson Welles Commentaries†) B. Film The films of Orson Welles, finished or unfinished, is gaining considerable attention. This was not so during his time, wherein his unrelenting manner of insisting his way of doing his project alienated him from the major players of the studio by which he worked for, who happen to gain much control of Hollywood’s world (â€Å"Orson Welles†). Welles however, gave Hollywood two major innovative films: †¢ Touch of Evil Welles was keenly involved in upholding other Civil Rights issues. But twelve years after the outcome of Woodard issue, Welles worked on the film ‘Touch of Evil’. Its story was heavily motivated out from the Woodard case. Chiefly because of his active support for the Woodard case, Welles formed and later revealed his unconventional perspective towards the police work in general. Welles recognized the difficulty of a policeman’s predicament in fulfilling his profession. However, he redirected the focus and common view of the public, by saying that the main task of a police officer is to defend the law abiding citizen, and not to be fixated with pursuing criminals. This became the very basis in Welles’ Touch of Evil. †¢ Citizen Kane (1941) Now considered by many new filmmakers with great respect, Citizen Kane both established and destabilized Welles’ reputation. By creating citizen Kane, he also recreated Hollywood’s system of presenting its movies. Whereas, main actors and actresses commonly cause the stir among films projects, Welles was the first to put the director, Welles’ himself, into the limelight. Moreover, he had been given much freedom and control over the making and editing of the film (McAbee, â€Å"Orson Welles: Martyr of the Underground†). The story revolves on solving the meaning of the word â€Å"Rosebud† uttered by a newspaper tycoon, Charles Foster Kane before his death. Kane’s life was initially impassioned with idealism upon his entrance into the publishing business, but gradually waned off and replaced by a lifetime callous pursuit of power. The manner of unfolding the story is done by going backwards, as the reporters tries to solve the mystery of the dying man’s last words. The theme is heavily derived from the life of real newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, although Welles’ own life is also incorporated in the story. It was widely believed to be intended to deride of Hearst’s ruthless exploitation. Hosting lavish parties in one of his many luxurious homes, Hollywood celebrities were welcomed, for as long as they were said to divulge juicy information that could be printed in his newspaper and help keep boosting sales. This kind of abuse of power and influence was the sorts of thing that an Orson Welles would not let pass, unscathed. Known for condemning any forms of oppression or unfairness, Citizen Kane was Welles’ medium to hit upon a ruthless system of greed that has eaten up the idealistic spirit of Americans in general. The movie expectedly earned the ire of Hearst, who used his every clout to bring Welles down, and could partially be held responsible for Welles downfall. The release of Citizen Kane made Welles’ a sensation in ‘moviedom’, but Welles’ unstable directorial career was no match for a man of status such as Hearst’s whose influence and wealth blocked every progress of Welles in the field of filmmaking (Epstein Lennon, 1997). III. Conclusion Some strongly believed, along with Welles himself, of him being of outstanding ability. But there are those who debate upon the validity of Welles’ genius. Although he became well-known, his career and works were far from being fulfilling. In truth, he failed to see his efforts of being truly appreciated. While it is common and vogue to see today’s celebrities standing up for political, social or environmental cause, Welles was already way ahead of his time fighting mainly for civil rights for most of his adult life. He recognized the power wielded by the media and used it to advance the issues which he sought to find justice. He did succeed in getting public attention. Some of those attentions though, were naturally hostile to his cause mainly because they were the object of his complaints. He was not also lacking of people within his own field of work, wherein he had a run-in which had dearly hurt his career. The many works which he left unfinished were alleged to be indications of having a lack of focus towards his career or worse, of being undisciplined. But one cannot say that Orson Welles lacked a focus in his life, for he was truly zealous about going against any forms of oppression. Whether it is social injustice towards women, racial prejudice against men of colour, or expression of personal faith, Welles was sure to take it up personally, not even minding if it would cost him financially. It is within in this context in which sets him apart. The number of projects which he left unfinished may have earned him ill-refute and tainted his brilliance. But many geniuses were left un-applauded by their generation. Besides the social and political relevance of his objections, Welles talent for his craft could not be forever hidden in the vaults of movie history. His major works, Citizen Kane is now being hailed as besting all other works of all time (â€Å"Critics’ Top Ten Poll†). Another work, Touch of Evil, is not far from the number one list. There may had been some considerable projects that he failed to deliver, a sorry state to have missed what could have been another significant contribution to the field of filmmaking. But a more sorry state is the public’s failing miserably to deliver during Welles’ time, the recognition and applause that was due him. Man, has sorely lost another opportunity to give a reward on time for one of its own geniuses. References: â€Å"Orson Welles†. Reel Classics. 2008. December 21, 2008, p. 1 http://www. reelclassics. com/Actors/Welles/welles. htm â€Å"1946 Orson Welles Commentaries†. Internet Archive. 2001. December 21, 2008 http://www. archive. org/details/1946OrsonWellesCommentaries McAbee, Sam. â€Å"Orson Welles: Martyr of the Underground†. December 21, 2008 http://5mtl. com/ft/orson%20welles2. htm Epstein, Michael and Thomas Lennon. â€Å"The Battle Over Citizen Kane†. The American Experience. 1997. December 21, 2008 http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/kane2/kane2ts. html â€Å"Director’s Top Ten Poll†. British Film Institute. 2007. December 21, 2008 http://www. bfi. org. uk/sightandsound/topten/poll/critics. html

The Manitoba Land Question, 1870-1882 Essay examples -- Article Analys

In the article titled â€Å"The Manitoba Land Question, 1870-1882† Sprague argues that the federal government was largely responsible for failing to properly address Metis Land claims. Sprague believes the Canadian government purposefully mismanaged and controlled Metis land organization to further its agenda. He also argues that the Canadian government did not hold up its constitutional obligation as per the Manitoba Act. Lastly Sprague suggests that newly introduced laws opened doors for settlers and made it difficult for the Metis to remain cohesive. As a result Sprague suggests that these factors lead to the loss of Metis land and therefore ultimately contributed to their subsequent exodus from Manitoba. To begin Sprague argues that the Canadian Government disingenuously mismanaged Metis land organization. Sprague states that evidence of this can be seen in the Canadian government not allowing the Lieutenant Governor Adams G. Archibald to make changes to Section 31 and 32 of the Manitoba Act. Archibald proposed the government grant outlined in Section 31 should allocate each person of Aboriginal ancestry an allotment of â€Å"140 acres† (pg.75) of land. Archibald also suggested that the location of these allotments be in close proximity so as to â€Å"not disperse families throughout the province† (Pg. 75). Lastly Archibald proposed a suggestion in carrying out Section 32 which insured that land owned was not jeopardized during the process of confederacy. He recommended that Manitoba be recognized as an independent province such that affairs including land ownership would be dealt with on a provincial level. Therefore as Sprague argues Archibald’s words were not taken into consideration by both the governments of John A. Macdonald and Alexa... ... In conclusion, Sprague believes that a number of factors carried out by the Canadian government ultimately led to the exodus of the Metis from Manitoba. Firstly through the manipulation of Metis land organization, secondly through broken promises made by the Canadian Government, and lastly through newly introduced laws which dispersed the Metis. In class we are currently studying the arrival of Selkirk settlers into Manitoba; this article was interesting as it put topics discussed in class in much more perspective. This article would be best suited towards those in the area of law, history or government as it contains historical evidence. Through this article Sprague has done an excellent job of outlining the historical events that took place during the 1870-1882 periods more articles surrounding this topic should be written to uncover further injustices.